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- Born on 28 July 1951
- Graduated as an engineer from Supelec (Paris), post-graduate degree (DEA) in mathematics (Université Paris 5), former pupil of the Centre d'études des programmes économiques (CEPE), qualified economics lecturer (CNU)
- Economist at the Centre d’études prospectives et d’informations internationales - CEPII (1978-1981)
- Senior adviser at the Commissariat général du Plan (Economic Planning Commission) (1981-1983)
- Head of the macroeconomic department at CEPII (1983-1989)
- Economic adviser to the Director General for economic and financial affairs at the European Commission (1989-1992)
- Director of CEPII (1992-1997)
- Economic adviser to the Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industry (1997-2000)
- Scientific adviser at the Conseil d’analyse économique (Council of Economic Analysis) (2000-2001)
- Deputy Chairman of the Conseil d’analyse économique chaired by the Prime Minister (2001-2002)
- Senior adviser to the Director of the Treasury (2002-2004)
- Director of the think tank Bruegel - Brussels (2005-2013)
- Commissioner General of France Stratégie (2013-2016)
- Programme and Ideas Director for the presidential campaign of Emmanuel Macron (January to May 2017)
- Head of the mission to promote the Big Investment Plan (Grand plan d’investissement) (June to September 2017)
- Lecturer at the Hertie School of Governance - Berlin (2013-2019)
- Lecturer, holder of the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair (European University Institute), associate professor (Sciences Po), Senior Fellow (Bruegel - Brussels)
- Member of the Supervisory Board of Caisse des Dépôts since 3 February 2020
